CPIO(1) 		  BSD General Commands Manual		       CPIO(1)

1mNAME0m
     1mcpio 22m— copy files to and from archives

1mSYNOPSIS0m
     1mcpio -i 22m[4moptions24m] [4mpattern24m 4m...24m] [4m<24m 4marchive24m]
     1mcpio -o 22m[4moptions24m] 4m<24m 4mname-list24m [4m>24m 4marchive24m]
     1mcpio -p 22m[4moptions24m] 4mdest-dir24m 4m<24m 4mname-list0m

1mDESCRIPTION0m
     1mcpio 22mcopies files between archives and directories.  This implementation
     can extract from tar, pax, cpio, zip, jar, ar, and ISO 9660 cdrom images
     and can create tar, pax, cpio, ar, and shar archives.

     The first option to 1mcpio 22mis a mode indicator from the following list:
     1m-i      22mInput.  Read an archive from standard input (unless overridden)
	     and extract the contents to disk or (if the 1m-t 22moption is speci‐
	     fied) list the contents to standard output.  If one or more file
	     patterns are specified, only files matching one of the patterns
	     will be extracted.
     1m-o      22mOutput.  Read a list of filenames from standard input and produce
	     a new archive on standard output (unless overridden) containing
	     the specified items.
     1m-p      22mPass-through.  Read a list of filenames from standard input and
	     copy the files to the specified directory.

1mOPTIONS0m
     Unless specifically stated otherwise, options are applicable in all oper‐
     ating modes.

     1m-022m, 1m--null0m
	     Read filenames separated by NUL characters instead of newlines.
	     This is necessary if any of the filenames being read might con‐
	     tain newlines.

     1m-A      22m(o mode only) Append to the specified archive.  (Not yet imple‐
	     mented.)

     1m-a      22m(o and p modes) Reset access times on files after they are read.

     1m-B      22m(o mode only) Block output to records of 5120 bytes.

     1m-C 4m22msize0m
	     (o mode only) Block output to records of 4msize24m bytes.

     1m-c      22m(o mode only) Use the old POSIX portable character format.
	     Equivalent to 1m--format 4m22modc24m.

     1m-d22m, 1m--make-directories0m
	     (i and p modes) Create directories as necessary.

     1m-E 4m22mfile0m
	     (i mode only) Read list of file name patterns from 4mfile24m to list
	     and extract.

     1m-F 4m22mfile24m, 1m--file 4m22mfile0m
	     Read archive from or write archive to 4mfile24m.

     1m-f 4m22mpattern0m
	     (i mode only) Ignore files that match 4mpattern24m.

     1m-H 4m22mformat24m, 1m--format 4m22mformat0m
	     (o mode only) Produce the output archive in the specified format.
	     Supported formats include:

	     4mcpio24m	   Synonym for 4modc24m.
	     4mnewc24m	   The SVR4 portable cpio format.
	     4modc24m	   The old POSIX.1 portable octet-oriented cpio format.
	     4mpax24m	   The POSIX.1 pax format, an extension of the ustar for‐
		      mat.
	     4mustar24m    The POSIX.1 tar format.

	     The default format is 4modc24m.  See libarchive-formats(5) for more
	     complete information about the formats currently supported by the
	     underlying libarchive(3) library.

     1m-h22m, 1m--help0m
	     Print usage information.

     1m-I 4m22mfile0m
	     Read archive from 4mfile24m.

     1m-i22m, 1m--extract0m
	     Input mode.  See above for description.

     1m--insecure0m
	     (i and p mode only) Disable security checks during extraction or
	     copying.  This allows extraction via symbolic links, absolute
	     paths, and path names containing ‘..’ in the name.

     1m-J22m, 1m--xz0m
	     (o mode only) Compress the file with xz-compatible compression
	     before writing it.  In input mode, this option is ignored; xz
	     compression is recognized automatically on input.

     1m-j      22mSynonym for 1m-y22m.

     1m-L      22m(o and p modes) All symbolic links will be followed.	Normally,
	     symbolic links are archived and copied as symbolic links.	With
	     this option, the target of the link will be archived or copied
	     instead.

     1m-l22m, 1m--link0m
	     (p mode only) Create links from the target directory to the orig‐
	     inal files, instead of copying.

     1m--lrzip0m
	     (o mode only) Compress the resulting archive with lrzip(1).  In
	     input mode, this option is ignored.

     1m--lz4   22m(o mode only) Compress the archive with lz4-compatible compres‐
	     sion before writing it.  In input mode, this option is ignored;
	     lz4 compression is recognized automatically on input.

     1m--lzma  22m(o mode only) Compress the file with lzma-compatible compression
	     before writing it.  In input mode, this option is ignored; lzma
	     compression is recognized automatically on input.

     1m--lzop  22m(o mode only) Compress the resulting archive with lzop(1).  In
	     input mode, this option is ignored.

     1m--passphrase 4m22mpassphrase0m
	     The 4mpassphrase24m is used to extract or create an encrypted archive.
	     Currently, zip is only a format that 1mcpio 22mcan handle encrypted
	     archives.	You shouldn't use this option unless you realize how
	     insecure use of this option is.

     1m-m22m, 1m--preserve-modification-time0m
	     (i and p modes) Set file modification time on created files to
	     match those in the source.

     1m-n22m, 1m--numeric-uid-gid0m
	     (i mode, only with 1m-t22m) Display numeric uid and gid.  By default,
	     1mcpio 22mdisplays the user and group names when they are provided in
	     the archive, or looks up the user and group names in the system
	     password database.

     1m--no-preserve-owner0m
	     (i mode only) Do not attempt to restore file ownership.  This is
	     the default when run by non-root users.

     1m-O 4m22mfile0m
	     Write archive to 4mfile24m.

     1m-o22m, 1m--create0m
	     Output mode.  See above for description.

     1m-p22m, 1m--pass-through0m
	     Pass-through mode.  See above for description.

     1m--preserve-owner0m
	     (i mode only) Restore file ownership.  This is the default when
	     run by the root user.

     1m--quiet0m
	     Suppress unnecessary messages.

     1m-R 22m[user][:][group], 1m--owner 22m[user][:][group]
	     Set the owner and/or group on files in the output.  If group is
	     specified with no user (for example, 1m-R 4m22m:wheel24m) then the group
	     will be set but not the user.  If the user is specified with a
	     trailing colon and no group (for example, 1m-R 4m22mroot:24m) then the
	     group will be set to the user's default group.  If the user is
	     specified with no trailing colon, then the user will be set but
	     not the group.  In 1m-i 22mand 1m-p 22mmodes, this option can only be used
	     by the super-user.  (For compatibility, a period can be used in
	     place of the colon.)

     1m-r      22m(All modes.)	Rename files interactively.  For each file, a
	     prompt is written to 4m/dev/tty24m containing the name of the file and
	     a line is read from 4m/dev/tty24m.  If the line read is blank, the
	     file is skipped.  If the line contains a single period, the file
	     is processed normally.  Otherwise, the line is taken to be the
	     new name of the file.

     1m-t22m, 1m--list0m
	     (i mode only) List the contents of the archive to stdout; do not
	     restore the contents to disk.

     1m-u22m, 1m--unconditional0m
	     (i and p modes) Unconditionally overwrite existing files.	Ordi‐
	     narily, an older file will not overwrite a newer file on disk.

     1m-V22m, 1m--dot0m
	     Print a dot to stderr for each file as it is processed.  Super‐
	     seded by 1m-v22m.

     1m-v22m, 1m--verbose0m
	     Print the name of each file to stderr as it is processed.	With
	     1m-t22m, provide a detailed listing of each file.

     1m--version0m
	     Print the program version information and exit.

     1m-y      22m(o mode only) Compress the archive with bzip2-compatible compres‐
	     sion before writing it.  In input mode, this option is ignored;
	     bzip2 compression is recognized automatically on input.

     1m-Z      22m(o mode only) Compress the archive with compress-compatible com‐
	     pression before writing it.  In input mode, this option is
	     ignored; compression is recognized automatically on input.

     1m-z      22m(o mode only) Compress the archive with gzip-compatible compres‐
	     sion before writing it.  In input mode, this option is ignored;
	     gzip compression is recognized automatically on input.

1mEXIT STATUS0m
     The 1mcpio 22mutility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.

1mENVIRONMENT0m
     The following environment variables affect the execution of 1mcpio22m:

     LANG	The locale to use.  See environ(7) for more information.

     TZ 	The timezone to use when displaying dates.  See environ(7) for
		more information.

1mEXAMPLES0m
     The 1mcpio 22mcommand is traditionally used to copy file hierarchies in con‐
     junction with the find(1) command.  The first example here simply copies
     all files from 4msrc24m to 4mdest24m:
	   1mfind 4m22msrc24m | 1mcpio -pmud 4m22mdest0m

     By carefully selecting options to the find(1) command and combining it
     with other standard utilities, it is possible to exercise very fine con‐
     trol over which files are copied.	This next example copies files from
     4msrc24m to 4mdest24m that are more than 2 days old and whose names match a partic‐
     ular pattern:
	   1mfind 4m22msrc24m 1m-mtime 4m22m+224m | 1mgrep foo[bar] 22m| 1mcpio -pdmu 4m22mdest0m

     This example copies files from 4msrc24m to 4mdest24m that are more than 2 days old
     and which contain the word “foobar”:
	   1mfind 4m22msrc24m 1m-mtime 4m22m+224m | 1mxargs grep -l foobar 22m| 1mcpio -pdmu 4m22mdest0m

1mCOMPATIBILITY0m
     The mode options i, o, and p and the options a, B, c, d, f, l, m, r, t,
     u, and v comply with SUSv2.

     The old POSIX.1 standard specified that only 1m-i22m, 1m-o22m, and 1m-p 22mwere inter‐
     preted as command-line options.  Each took a single argument of a list of
     modifier characters.  For example, the standard syntax allows 1m-imu 22mbut
     does not support 1m-miu 22mor 1m-i -m -u22m, since 4mm24m and 4mu24m are only modifiers to
     1m-i22m, they are not command-line options in their own right.  The syntax
     supported by this implementation is backwards-compatible with the stan‐
     dard.  For best compatibility, scripts should limit themselves to the
     standard syntax.

1mSEE ALSO0m
     bzip2(1), tar(1), gzip(1), mt(1), pax(1), libarchive(3), cpio(5),
     libarchive-formats(5), tar(5)

1mSTANDARDS0m
     There is no current POSIX standard for the cpio command; it appeared in
     ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996 (“POSIX.1”) but was dropped from IEEE Std 1003.1-2001
     (“POSIX.1”).

     The cpio, ustar, and pax interchange file formats are defined by IEEE Std
     1003.1-2001 (“POSIX.1”) for the pax command.

1mHISTORY0m
     The original 1mcpio 22mand 1mfind 22mutilities were written by Dick Haight while
     working in AT&T's Unix Support Group.  They first appeared in 1977 in
     PWB/UNIX 1.0, the “Programmer's Work Bench” system developed for use
     within AT&T.  They were first released outside of AT&T as part of System
     III Unix in 1981.	As a result, 1mcpio 22mactually predates 1mtar22m, even though
     it was not well-known outside of AT&T until some time later.

     This is a complete re-implementation based on the libarchive(3) library.

1mBUGS0m
     The cpio archive format has several basic limitations: It does not store
     user and group names, only numbers.  As a result, it cannot be reliably
     used to transfer files between systems with dissimilar user and group
     numbering.  Older cpio formats limit the user and group numbers to 16 or
     18 bits, which is insufficient for modern systems.  The cpio archive for‐
     mats cannot support files over 4 gigabytes, except for the “odc” variant,
     which can support files up to 8 gigabytes.

BSD			      September 16, 2014			   BSD
